The relationship between religion and the state needs to be carefully examined, and the middle way reclaimed. Only then can the followers of Islam hope to regain the torch of learning. The road to success is neither in extremism nor in unbridled liberalism. It is in the balanced path.
Except for the first Caliphate, power throughout Islamic history has been won and lost by the sword. This is true of other civilizations as well but while the world of Christendom was able to make the transition from kingdoms and empires to nation-states, they took the religion out of state business, which was putting the limits on thoughts of peoples of the land, you call it “Extremism” I call it “fundamentalism” which is not only feasible but unacceptable to most of Pakistanis too, it seems that the world of Islam was unable to do the same on its own. The nation-states that constitute the Islamic ummah or commonwealth today came into being as a result or under the impact of colonialism.
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